The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.